深入解析 Spark UI 實現高效能應用程式調優

@startuml
!define DISABLE_LINK
!define PLANTUML_FORMAT svg
!theme _none_

skinparam dpi auto
skinparam shadowing false
skinparam linetype ortho
skinparam roundcorner 5
skinparam defaultFontName "Microsoft JhengHei UI"
skinparam defaultFontSize 16
skinparam minClassWidth 100

actor "資料工程師" as DataEngineer

package "Spark UI 介面" as SparkUI {
rectangle "Jobs 選項卡" as JobsTab
rectangle "Stages 選項卡" as StagesTab
rectangle "Tasks 選項卡" as TasksTab
rectangle "Executors 選項卡" as ExecutorsTab
rectangle "Storage 選項卡" as StorageTab
rectangle "Environment 選項卡" as EnvironmentTab
rectangle "SQL 選項卡" as SQLTab
}

package "分析與診斷" as Analysis {
rectangle "DAG 可視化" as DAGViz
rectangle "任務運行時間" as TaskRuntime
rectangle "Shuffle 資料大小" as ShuffleDataSize
rectangle "CPU/記憶體消耗" as CPUMemory
rectangle "垃圾回收 (GC)" as GC
rectangle "緩存資料狀態" as CachedData
rectangle "JVM 指標" as JVMMetrics
rectangle "SQL 執行計畫" as SQLExecPlan
}

package "性能調優行動" as TuningActions {
rectangle "最小化資料 Shuffle" as MinimizeShuffle
rectangle "優化記憶體利用率" as OptimizeMemory
rectangle "調整 JVM 設置" as TuneJVM
rectangle "優化查詢結構" as OptimizeQuery
rectangle "調整資源配置" as AdjustResources
rectangle "處理資料傾斜" as HandleDataSkew
rectangle "改進分區策略" as ImprovePartitioning
rectangle "利用緩存" as UtilizeCaching
}

DataEngineer --> SparkUI : 訪問 Spark UI

SparkUI --> JobsTab : 概覽作業執行
JobsTab --> DAGViz : 查看 DAG 可視化
DAGViz --> StagesTab : 深入分析階段

StagesTab --> TaskRuntime : 檢查任務運行時間
StagesTab --> ShuffleDataSize : 分析 Shuffle 資料量
StagesTab --> TasksTab : 鑽取到具體任務

TasksTab --> CPUMemory : 監控任務級資源使用
TasksTab --> GC : 觀察垃圾回收行為

SparkUI --> ExecutorsTab : 監控集群資源
ExecutorsTab --> CPUMemory : 檢查執行器 CPU/記憶體
ExecutorsTab --> GC : 評估執行器 GC 情況

SparkUI --> StorageTab : 追蹤緩存數據
StorageTab --> CachedData : 了解緩存效率

SparkUI --> EnvironmentTab : 檢查 JVM 配置
EnvironmentTab --> JVMMetrics : 分析 JVM 指標

SparkUI --> SQLTab : 分析 Spark SQL 查詢
SQLTab --> SQLExecPlan : 剖析查詢執行計畫

TaskRuntime --> MinimizeShuffle : 運行時間過長可能因 Shuffle
ShuffleDataSize --> MinimizeShuffle : Shuffle 量大需優化
CPUMemory --> OptimizeMemory : 記憶體消耗高需優化
GC --> TuneJVM : GC 頻繁需調整 JVM
CachedData --> UtilizeCaching : 緩存效率低需改進
SQLExecPlan --> OptimizeQuery : 查詢計畫不佳需重構
CPUMemory --> AdjustResources : 資源不足或過剩需調整
ShuffleDataSize --> HandleDataSkew : Shuffle 不均可能因資料傾斜
ShuffleDataSize --> ImprovePartitioning : 分區不合理影響 Shuffle

MinimizeShuffle --> TuningActions
OptimizeMemory --> TuningActions
TuneJVM --> TuningActions
OptimizeQuery --> TuningActions
AdjustResources --> TuningActions
HandleDataSkew --> TuningActions
ImprovePartitioning --> TuningActions
UtilizeCaching --> TuningActions

TuningActions --> DataEngineer : 實施性能調優

note right of DAGViz
- 視覺化作業的階段與任務依賴
- 幫助理解資料流和計算步驟
end note

note right of ShuffleDataSize
- Shuffle 是性能瓶頸常見來源
- 監控其大小有助於識別問題
end note

note right of SQLExecPlan
- 揭示 SQL 查詢的內部執行邏輯
- 發現複雜連接或昂貴操作
end note

note right of TuningActions
- 根據 Spark UI 分析結果採取的具體優化措施
- 旨在提高 Spark 應用程式的效率和響應速度
end note

@enduml

@startuml
!define DISABLE_LINK
!define PLANTUML_FORMAT svg
!theme _none_

skinparam dpi auto
skinparam shadowing false
skinparam linetype ortho
skinparam roundcorner 5
skinparam defaultFontName "Microsoft JhengHei UI"
skinparam defaultFontSize 16
skinparam minClassWidth 100

actor "資料工程師" as DataEngineer

package "Spark UI 分析" as SparkUIAnalysis {
rectangle "Jobs/Stages 瓶頸識別" as JobsStagesBottlenecks
rectangle "Executors 資源監控" as ExecutorsResourceMonitoring
rectangle "Storage 緩存追蹤" as StorageCacheTracking
rectangle "Environment JVM 配置" as EnvironmentJVMConfig
rectangle "SQL 查詢計畫分析" as SQLQueryPlanAnalysis
}

package "性能瓶頸類型" as BottleneckTypes {
rectangle "大量資料 Shuffle" as HeavyShuffle
rectangle "記憶體不足/溢出" as OOMSpills
rectangle "頻繁垃圾回收 (GC)" as FrequentGC
rectangle "資源配置不當" as MisconfiguredResources
rectangle "低效 SQL 查詢" as InefficientSQL
rectangle "資料傾斜" as DataSkew
}

package "性能調優策略" as TuningStrategies {
rectangle "減少資料 Shuffle" as ReduceShuffle
rectangle "優化記憶體配置" as OptimizeMemoryConfig
rectangle "調整 JVM 參數" as TuneJVMParams
rectangle "合理配置計算資源" as RightSizeCompute
rectangle "優化 SQL 查詢" as OptimizeSQLQuery
rectangle "處理資料傾斜" as HandleDataSkew
rectangle "改進資料分區" as ImproveDataPartitioning
rectangle "有效利用緩存" as EffectiveCaching
}

package "計算資源組件" as ComputeResources {
rectangle "執行器 (Executor)" as Executor
rectangle "記憶體 (Memory)" as Memory
rectangle "核心 (Core)" as Core
rectangle "磁碟 (Disk)" as Disk
rectangle "網路 (Network)" as Network
}

DataEngineer --> SparkUIAnalysis : 使用 Spark UI 進行分析

SparkUIAnalysis --> JobsStagesBottlenecks : 識別慢速階段和 Shuffle
SparkUIAnalysis --> ExecutorsResourceMonitoring : 監控 CPU/記憶體/GC
SparkUIAnalysis --> StorageCacheTracking : 檢查緩存效率
SparkUIAnalysis --> EnvironmentJVMConfig : 分析 JVM 參數
SparkUIAnalysis --> SQLQueryPlanAnalysis : 審查 SQL 執行計畫

JobsStagesBottlenecks --> HeavyShuffle : 發現 Shuffle 問題
ExecutorsResourceMonitoring --> OOMSpills : 發現記憶體問題
ExecutorsResourceMonitoring --> FrequentGC : 發現 GC 問題
ExecutorsResourceMonitoring --> MisconfiguredResources : 發現資源配置問題
SQLQueryPlanAnalysis --> InefficientSQL : 發現 SQL 查詢問題

HeavyShuffle --> ReduceShuffle : 實施減少 Shuffle 策略
OOMSpills --> OptimizeMemoryConfig : 調整記憶體配置
FrequentGC --> TuneJVMParams : 微調 JVM 參數
MisconfiguredResources --> RightSizeCompute : 調整集群資源
InefficientSQL --> OptimizeSQLQuery : 重構 SQL 查詢

ReduceShuffle --> ImproveDataPartitioning : 透過分區改進 Shuffle
ReduceShuffle --> HandleDataSkew : 處理資料傾斜以減少 Shuffle
OptimizeMemoryConfig --> EffectiveCaching : 利用緩存優化記憶體
RightSizeCompute --> Executor : 調整執行器數量/配置
RightSizeCompute --> Memory : 調整每個節點記憶體
RightSizeCompute --> Core : 調整每個執行器核心數
RightSizeCompute --> Disk : 考慮磁碟溢出空間
RightSizeCompute --> Network : 評估網路吞吐量

TuningStrategies --> DataEngineer : 工程師實施調優

note right of RightSizeCompute
- 平衡性能與成本的關鍵
- 避免收益遞減
- 結合自動擴展功能
end note

note right of ComputeResources
- Spark 集群的基本構成要素
- 各組件性能相互影響
end note

note right of TuningStrategies
- 根據 Spark UI 診斷結果
- 採取針對性措施提升應用程式效率
end note

@enduml